Wind Power Network News: Abstract: Pepalali likuwunikiranso momwe pakuchitika pakuzindikiritsa zolakwika komanso kuwunika zaumoyo pazinthu zazikulu zitatu zamakina oyendetsa makina amphepo - masamba ophatikizika, ma gearbox, ndi ma jenereta, ndikufotokozera mwachidule momwe kafukufukuyu aliri komanso zazikulu. mbali za njira imeneyi.Zolakwika zazikulu, mawonekedwe olakwa ndi zovuta zowunikira zigawo zazikulu zitatu za masamba ophatikizika, ma gearbox ndi ma jenereta pazida zamagetsi zamagetsi amafotokozedwa mwachidule, komanso njira zowunikira zolakwika zomwe zilipo komanso njira zowunikira zaumoyo, ndipo pamapeto pake chiyembekezo cha chitukuko cha gawoli.
0 Mawu Oyamba
Chifukwa cha kufunikira kwamphamvu padziko lonse lapansi kwa mphamvu zoyera ndi zongowonjezera komanso kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wopanga zida zamagetsi zamagetsi, mphamvu zoyika padziko lonse lapansi zamagetsi akupitilira kukwera.Malinga ndi ziwerengero za Global Wind Energy Association (GWEC), pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2018, mphamvu yoyika mphamvu yamphepo padziko lonse lapansi idafika pa 597 GW, pomwe China idakhala dziko loyamba lokhala ndi mphamvu yopitilira 200 GW, kufikira 216 GW. , kuwerengera zoposa 36 za mphamvu zonse zomwe zakhazikitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi.%, ikupitilizabe kukhala malo otsogola padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo ndi dziko lodziwika bwino lamphepo.
Pakali pano, chinthu chofunikira chomwe chikulepheretsa kukula kwamphamvu kwa mafakitale amagetsi opangidwa ndi mphepo ndi chakuti zida zamagetsi zamagetsi zimafunikira mtengo wokwera pagawo lililonse la mphamvu kuposa mafuta achilengedwe.Wopambana Mphotho ya Nobel mu Fizikisi komanso mlembi wakale wa Mphamvu zaku US Zhu Diwen adawonetsa kukhwima komanso kufunikira kwachitetezo chachitetezo chazida zazikuluzikulu zamphepo, komanso ndalama zambiri zoyendetsera ntchito ndi kukonza ndizofunikira zomwe ziyenera kuthetsedwa m'munda uno [1] .Zipangizo zamagetsi zamagetsi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kumadera akutali kapena kumadera akutali komwe anthu safikirika.Ndi chitukuko chaukadaulo, zida zamagetsi zamagetsi zikupitilizabe kupititsa patsogolo chitukuko chachikulu.Kuzungulira kwa masamba amphamvu amphepo kukupitilira kukula, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtunda wochoka pansi kupita ku nacelle uwonjezeke pomwe zida zofunika zimayikidwa.Izi zabweretsa zovuta kwambiri pakugwira ntchito ndi kukonza zida zamagetsi zamagetsi ndikukweza mtengo wokonza chipangizocho.Chifukwa cha kusiyana pakati pa luso laukadaulo ndi ulimi wamagetsi pazida zamagetsi zamphepo m'maiko otukuka aku Western, ndalama zoyendetsera ndi kukonza zida zamagetsi ku China zikupitilizabe kuwerengera ndalama zambiri.Kwa makina opangira mphepo yam'mphepete mwa nyanja okhala ndi moyo wautumiki wa zaka 20, mtengo wokonzanso Ndalama zonse zamafamu amphepo zimakhala 10% ~ 15%;kwa mafamu amphepo akunyanja, gawoli ndi lokwera mpaka 20% ~ 25%[2].Kukwera kwakukulu kwa ntchito ndi kukonzanso kwa mphamvu ya mphepo kumatsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito ndi kukonza zida zamphamvu za mphepo.Pakalipano, minda yambiri yamphepo imagwiritsa ntchito njira yokonza nthawi zonse.Zolephera zomwe zingatheke sizingadziwike pakapita nthawi, ndipo kukonza mobwerezabwereza zida zomwe zili bwino kumawonjezera kugwira ntchito ndi kukonza.mtengo.Kuonjezera apo, n'zosatheka kudziwa gwero la vutolo panthawi, ndipo zikhoza kufufuzidwa m'modzi ndi m'modzi mwa njira zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zidzabweretsenso ndalama zambiri zogwirira ntchito ndi kukonza.Njira imodzi yothetsera vutoli ndikukhazikitsa njira yowunikira zaumoyo (SHM) yama turbines amphepo kuti apewe ngozi zoopsa ndikukulitsa moyo wautumiki wama turbines amphepo, potero amachepetsa mtengo wamagetsi amagetsi amagetsi.Chifukwa chake, kwamakampani opanga mphamvu zamagetsi ndikofunikira kupanga dongosolo la SHM.
1. Mkhalidwe wamakono wa makina owunikira zida zamagetsi zamagetsi
Pali mitundu yambiri ya zida zamphamvu zamphepo, makamaka kuphatikiza: ma turbine amphepo odyetsedwa kawiri (ma turbine amphepo osinthasintha-liwiro losinthasintha), ma turbine okhazikika amomwe amayendera maginito, ndi ma turbine amphepo a semi-direct-drive synchronous.Poyerekeza ndi ma turbine amphepo oyendetsa molunjika, ma turbine amphepo odyetsedwa kawiri amaphatikiza zida zothamanga zama gearbox.Mapangidwe ake ofunikira akuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 1. Mtundu uwu wa zida zamphamvu zamphepo umakhala woposa 70% ya msika.Chifukwa chake, nkhaniyi imayang'ana kwambiri za kulakwitsa komanso kuyang'anira thanzi lamtunduwu wa zida zamagetsi zamagetsi.
Chithunzi 1 Kapangidwe kake ka injini yamphepo yodyetsedwa kawiri
Zipangizo zamagetsi zamagetsi zakhala zikugwira ntchito usana ndi usiku pansi pa katundu wovuta kusinthasintha monga mphepo yamkuntho kwa nthawi yaitali.Malo ogwirira ntchito ovuta akhudza kwambiri chitetezo cha ntchito ndi kukonza zida zamagetsi zamagetsi.The alternating katundu amachita pa turbine masamba masamba ndipo imafalikira kudzera mayendedwe, mitsinje, magiya, jenereta ndi zigawo zina mu unyolo kufala, kupanga kufala unyolo sachedwa kulephera kwambiri pa ntchito.Pakalipano, dongosolo loyang'anira lomwe lili ndi zida zamphamvu za mphepo ndi dongosolo la SCADA, lomwe lingayang'anire momwe ntchito yamagetsi yamagetsi ikuyendera monga zamakono, magetsi, kugwirizana kwa gridi ndi zina, ndipo imakhala ndi ntchito monga ma alarm ndi malipoti;koma dongosolo limayang'anira momwe zinthu zilili Zomwezo ndizochepa, makamaka zizindikiro monga zamakono, magetsi, mphamvu, ndi zina zotero, ndipo pamakhalabe kusowa kwa kuyang'anira kugwedezeka ndi ntchito zowunikira zolakwika za zigawo zikuluzikulu [3-5].Mayiko akunja, makamaka maiko otukuka aku Western, akhala akupanga kale zida zowunika momwe zinthu ziliri komanso pulogalamu yowunikira makamaka zida zamagetsi zamagetsi.Ngakhale ukadaulo wowunikira kugwedezeka kwapakhomo udayamba mochedwa, motsogozedwa ndi ntchito yayikulu yapanyumba yamagetsi yakutali komanso kufunikira kwa msika wokonza, kutukuka kwa machitidwe oyang'anira kunyumba nawonso kwalowa gawo lachitukuko chofulumira.Kuzindikira zolakwika mwanzeru komanso kutetezedwa koyambirira kwa zida zamagetsi zamagetsi kumatha kuchepetsa mtengo ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito ndi kukonza mphamvu yamphepo, ndipo wapeza mgwirizano mumakampani opanga mphamvu zamagetsi.
2. Zolakwika zazikulu za zida zamagetsi zamagetsi
Zida zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi zovuta zamagetsi zamagetsi zomwe zimakhala ndi ma rotor (masamba, hubs, phula, etc.), mayendedwe, ma shafts akuluakulu, ma gearbox, majenereta, nsanja, yaw systems, masensa, ndi zina zotero. kusinthana katundu pa nthawi ya utumiki.Pamene nthawi yautumiki ikuwonjezeka, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zowonongeka kapena zolephera ndizosapeŵeka.
Chithunzi 2 Chiyerekezo cha mtengo wokonza pagawo lililonse la zida zamagetsi zamagetsi
Chithunzi 3 Chiŵerengero cha nthawi yopuma cha zigawo zosiyanasiyana za zipangizo zamagetsi zamagetsi
Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera ku Chithunzi 2 ndi Chithunzi 3 [6] kuti nthawi yocheperapo chifukwa cha masamba, ma gearbox, ndi ma jenereta amawerengera kuposa 87% ya nthawi yonse yosakonzekera yosakonzekera, ndipo ndalama zosungiramo ndalama zimapitirira 3 ya ndalama zonse zokonzekera./4.Chifukwa chake, pakuwunika momwe zinthu zilili, kuwunika zolakwika ndi kasamalidwe kaumoyo wama turbines amphepo, masamba, ma gearbox, ndi ma jenereta ndizinthu zazikulu zitatu zomwe ziyenera kutsatiridwa.Wind Energy Professional Committee of the Chinese Renewable Energy Society inanena mu kafukufuku wa 2012 wokhudza magwiridwe antchito a zida zamagetsi zamtundu wa dziko[6] kuti mitundu yolephera yamagetsi amphepo makamaka imaphatikizira kusweka, kugunda kwamphezi, kusweka, ndi zina zotero, ndi zomwe zimayambitsa kulephera zimaphatikizapo mapangidwe, Kudzipangira nokha ndi zinthu zakunja panthawi yoyambira ndi magawo a ntchito zopanga, kupanga, ndi zoyendera.Ntchito yayikulu ya bokosi la gear ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamphepo yothamanga yotsika popanga mphamvu ndikuwonjezera liwiro la spindle.Pakugwira ntchito kwa turbine yamphepo, bokosi la giyalo limalephera kulephera chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa kupsinjika komanso kuchuluka kwamphamvu [7].Zolakwika zodziwika bwino za ma gearbox zimaphatikizapo zolakwika za giya ndi zolakwika zonyamula.Zolakwika za Gearbox nthawi zambiri zimachokera ku mayendedwe.Bearings ndi gawo lalikulu la gearbox, ndipo kulephera kwawo nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa gearbox.Kukhala ndi zolephera makamaka kumaphatikizapo kutopa, kusweka, kuthyoka, gluing, kuwonongeka kwa khola, ndi zina zotero. [8], pakati pa zomwe kutopa kusenda ndi kuvala ndizo mitundu iwiri yolephereka yodzigudubuza.Kulephera kofala kwa zida kumaphatikizapo kuvala, kutopa pamwamba, kusweka, ndi kusweka.Zolakwika za dongosolo la jenereta zimagawidwa kukhala zolakwika zamagalimoto ndi zolakwika zamakina [9].Kulephera kwamakina makamaka kumaphatikizapo kulephera kwa rotor ndi kulephera kunyamula.Kulephera kwa rotor makamaka kumaphatikizapo kusalinganika kwa rotor, kuphulika kwa rotor, ndi manja otayirira a rabara.Mitundu ya zolakwika zamagalimoto imatha kugawidwa muzovuta zamagetsi ndi zolakwika zamakina.Kuwonongeka kwamagetsi kumaphatikizapo kagawo kakang'ono ka rotor / stator coil, dera lotseguka lomwe limayambitsidwa ndi mipiringidzo ya rotor yosweka, kutenthedwa kwa jenereta, ndi zina zotero;zolakwika zamakina zimaphatikizira kugwedezeka kwakukulu kwa jenereta, kunyamula kutenthedwa, kuwonongeka kwa insulation, kuvala kwakukulu, ndi zina zambiri.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-30-2021
