Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamphepo

Mphepo ndi gwero lamphamvu latsopano lomwe lili ndi kuthekera kwakukulu.Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 1800, mphepo yamphamvu inaomba ku Britain ndi ku France kuwononga mphero 400, nyumba 800, matchalitchi 100, ndi zombo zoyenda panyanja zoposa 400.Anthu masauzande ambiri anavulala, ndipo mitengo ikuluikulu 250,000 inazulidwa.Pankhani yokoka mitengo, mphepo imatha kutulutsa mphamvu zamahatchi okwana 10 miliyoni (ndiko kuti, makilowati 7.5 miliyoni; mahatchi amodzi ndi ofanana ndi makilowati 0.75) m’masekondi angapo!Winawake akuti mphamvu zamphepo zopangira mphamvu padziko lapansi zili pafupi Pali ma kilowatts 10 biliyoni, pafupifupi nthawi khumi kuposa mphamvu zamagetsi padziko lapansi.Mphamvu zopezedwa mwa kuwotcha malasha chaka chilichonse padziko lapansi ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mphamvu zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi mphamvu yamphepo pachaka.Choncho, mayiko akunja ndi akunja amaona kufunika kogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamphepo popanga magetsi ndikupanga magwero atsopano amphamvu.

Kuyesera kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi opangidwa ndi mphepo kunayamba kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri.M’zaka za m’ma 1930, dziko la Denmark, Sweden, Soviet Union ndi United States linapanga bwinobwino zida zina zing’onozing’ono zopangira mphamvu yamphepo pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa rotor kuchokera kumakampani oyendetsa ndege.Mtundu uwu wamagetsi ang'onoang'ono amphepo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuzilumba zamphepo ndi midzi yakutali.Mtengo wa magetsi omwe amapeza ndi wotsika kwambiri kuposa injini yaing'ono yoyaka mkati.Komabe, mphamvu yopangira magetsi panthawiyo inali yochepa, makamaka pansi pa 5 kilowatts.

Zimamveka kuti ma turbine amphepo a 15, 40, 45, 100, ndi 225 kilowatts apangidwa kunja.Mu Januwale 1978, dziko la United States linamanga makina opangira magetsi okwana makilowati 200 ku Clayton, New Mexico, okhala ndi mainchesi 38 ndipo amapangira magetsi okwanira mabanja 60.Kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe cha 1978, fakitale yopangira magetsi opangidwa ndi mphepo yomwe inayamba kugwira ntchito ku gombe la kumadzulo kwa Jutland, ku Denmark, ili ndi mphamvu yopangira magetsi okwana ma kilowati 2,000.Makina opangira mphepo ndi 57 metres kutalika.75% ya magetsi opangira magetsi amatumizidwa ku gridi, ndipo ena onse amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi sukulu yapafupi..

Chakumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 1979, dziko la United States linamanga makina opangira magetsi opangira magetsi padziko lonse lapansi m’mapiri a Blue Ridge ku North Carolina.Chimphero champhepochi ndi cha nsanjika khumi ndipo zitsulo zake zili ndi m’mimba mwake mamita 60;masambawo amaikidwa panyumba yooneka ngati nsanja, kotero kuti mphepo imatha kuzungulira momasuka ndikupeza magetsi kuchokera kumbali iliyonse;pamene liwiro la mphepo lili pamwamba pa makilomita 38 pa ola, mphamvu yopangira mphamvu imakhalanso Mpaka 2000 kilowatts.Popeza kuti pafupifupi mphepo yamkuntho m’dera lamapiri limeneli ndi makilomita 29 okha pa ola, makina onse oyendera mphepo sangathe kuyenda.Akuti ngakhale atathamanga theka la chaka, akhoza kukwaniritsa 1% mpaka 2% ya zosowa zamagetsi za zigawo zisanu ndi ziwiri ku North Carolina.